Tour ancient villages, ancient town: there are heritage, but also must be innovative
- Dialogue of the CPPCC National Committee, vice mayor of Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, Ben Yang
Zhou Liyan
Currently, there are more than 2,000 ancient cities and towns, most have two or three thousand years of history. The ancient town has a beautiful natural environment, save a lot of monuments and distinctive local architecture, demonstrating the brilliant history and culture. Not long ago, in ancient Chinese cities and towns to promote conservation and tourism development office organized the "China Tourism Industry Development Seminar ancient town", the experts on the current conservation status of China's ancient cities and towns expressed concern. In December 1997, Lijiang was included in the "World Heritage List", after the successful inscription of more than 10 years, the Old Town of Lijiang as "over-development" was questioned on how to protect the ancient town of the topic, the reporter dialogue CPPCC National Committee, vice mayor of Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, Yang Ben.
Reporter: Old Town of Lijiang in more than 10 years after the success of the inscription, the tourism industry booming, but also caused a lot of relocation of the original inhabitants of Lijiang, the traditional culture hit, the ecological environment is changing. At present, the amount of Lijiang has more than 600 million annual tourists, "overdevelopment" of the question heard. Known under the ancient city of Lijiang, how to strike a balance between conservation and use?
Yang Ben: On the city "over-development" of the question, Lijiang people are very contradictory. There is also need for the development of the ancient city, ancient people also have the right to share the fruits of development of tourism, in today's society to a cultural heritage can not be completely isolated in the modern business, the local people worried about Lijiang tourism sliding. Over the past Lijiang poor, relying on tourism, living go up. In fact, the Tea Horse Road Lijiang has always been on the trade center, is a business into the sky, and Xing for business, business and filled the city, now the business has not yet reached its peak when the history of the scale. Has retained the appropriate business climate, but not so over-development, rational combination is the only way, the key is to master a reasonable degree of difficult.
To dilute the city's business within the local area too thick atmosphere, the ancient city of Lijiang commercial business activities on the implementation of the access system, clearly defined within the core of the ancient city of new business is no longer contracting shops, the number and size of the existing progressive compression, banned within the city operate audio and video, jade jewelry, dance halls, cafes, modern and ancient style of clothing and other inconsistencies in the project, stepped up efforts to protect national specialty stores. From 2008 onwards, the gradual recovery of the ancient city of Lijiang Zhiguangongfang pavement all the government the right to use and management rights, focused on the ancient city of Lijiang, the protection of traditional culture. In the public housing lease process, where project management is associated with traditional culture, including the sale Lijiang Baba and other traditional snacks, you can rent 30% discount; if it is disabled and other poor groups, tenant, you can discount 50%. Engaged in renting private paved with traditional culture-related business, the same government subsidies.
Of World Heritage, the first task is definitely protected. Old Town of Lijiang never did commercials, visitors to a small, is a protection of heritage sites. However, the type of cultural heritage Lijiang city-state culture is alive, not only can not protect too rigid nor too loose, need to strike a balance between protection and use, this is a contradiction.
Reporter: This reporter noted that some of the ancient town is now a modern symbol too, with antique atmosphere very inconsistent. Chengqunjiehuo vendors, soliciting frequent occurrence of the phenomenon of cheating, business smell too thick. National culture has been an unprecedented impact on many unique style is now rarely met.
Yang Ben: to borrow the former State Tourism comprehensive coordination, deputy director of high-Shun Li, then, ancient town of protection should pay attention to policy-oriented, reflecting the authenticity, should not destroy the old to build new, removed the really out false, or else risk coefficient is very large. Transformation of a village town city decision-makers, to the ancient town of historical and cultural value have a full understanding, should be protected as far as possible under the premise of efforts to restore the ancient town culture of the original ecosystem, to attract and maintain the right amount of indigenous people.
December 4, 1997, Lijiang was inscribed on the World Heritage, was not too many tourists, the ancient city of distinct characteristics; ten years later, in 2008 the UN inspection teams have been accused of over-commercialization of aboriginal; 1999 Kunming World Horticultural Exposition held in Yunnan's tourism development spurt occurred, a large number of tourists increased. Lijiang ancient town quickly became a noisy, which makes a lot of disappointed visitors. Some visitors said that in the past, in the unique little street, carved beams, bridges, people enjoying the "night of the millennium," the ecstasy experience. However, with ten years of tourism development, Bar Street, feasting, in the cries of hawkers, the quaint little faded, no longer the feeling of winding.
Such as the ancient city of Lijiang, Yunnan Province, with the original inhabitants have been relocated, and foreign businessmen and tourists influx, the already fragile local traditional culture and unique customs of a strong impact. Dongba culture, the rate of disappearance has led to further tap the Dongba culture, save, organize, research and training in the civil work of the young heir of Dongba culture, it is extremely urgent. To keep people in order to retain the soul, the fight should be a number of Aborigines living there. To this end, Lijiang Municipal Government issued regulations, the original inhabitants living within the city, can receive 15 yuan per person per month living allowance. Meanwhile, the housing difficulties by taking on the priority of public housing households and cheap rent, arrangements for the ancient city of laid-off workers, social difficulties personnel to service-sector jobs and other convenience Huimin measures to protect the indigenous people to consciously assume the task of national culture and heritage . Street, community organizations, city residents are often on the Square Street performers dancing and other traditional ethnic song and dance play, invite foreign operators and visitors to participate. Only in this way, the ancient town in order to maintain some of its local culture, traditions and cultural characteristics.
Reporter: protection of cultural ancient town, already an international consensus. Historic old town in 1975 on the protection of the "Bruges resolution" also made in the repair and refurbishment of these towns in the process, must respect the rights of local people, customs and expectations, goals and objectives must be responsible to the public. We understand the local economic development, to improve people's lives, but the culture of the ancient city of town to use the same effort to protect China's intangible cultural heritage "to protect the main rescue first, rational use, management" policy will also apply to cultural protection in the ancient town. Government to protect the ancient town, the responsibility is particularly significant. In the ancient town heritage protection and rescue, you think, how to protect the scientific treatment of the ancient city town village customs and cultural heritage of this major event, holiday tour to the ancient town in the "five" innovation and industrialization during the win-win-win?
Yang Ben: Lijiang people clearly understand the unique cultural resources are extremely important development of the capital of Lijiang. Retain the shape in order to retain God. Since 2001, visitors to the introduction of the ancient city of Lijiang and maintenance costs, has now collected 800 million yuan total, these funds into the city's protection management. Since the launch of the World Heritage declared so far, into the ancient city of Lijiang, a series of environmental management and protection of the funds on the construction project has reached 14 billion yuan. Lijiang according to "repair the old as" requirements, which affect the overall style of the ancient city was gradually removed uncoordinated construction, rectification and restore a large number of traditional architecture and landscape of the historical appearance. If the overall migration Military Lijiang, site restoration and reconstruction of the history of a typical representative of the caravan culture "Ma Courtyard"; move armed police detachment and Lijiang Lijiang City Hospital, the flow of official cultural park built. Only in 2009, for approval to the restoration and improvement of traditional houses more than 300 households.
Since 2002, Lijiang invested tens of millions yuan of funds to strengthen the Dongba culture of Naxi ancient music, crafts, traditional costumes, festival customs collection, collation, protection, inheritance; special funds to support the measures taken to repair the former residence of famous courtyard, restored ancient Tea Horse Road caravan landscape, and street washing with water, put the lanterns and other traditional folk activities; formation of national cultural tourism development in Lijiang Old Town branch, the implementation of "into the Naxi people," such as demonstration projects of national culture in the city to choose the 10 characteristics of residential courtyard setting Dongba paper making, to build instruments of national life such as arts and crafts workshops; Naxi language experts to develop specialized training materials, hired a teacher on a regular basis for foreign operators to Naxi cultural training.
The face of globalization context, to pay great attention to cultural heritage protection and development, pay attention to solve the ancient towns and villages to protect the development of cultural convergence, the biggest single issue of interest. Develop and foster new cultural tourism products, ancient towns and villages innovative presentation of intangible cultural heritage and means, the history and modern culture into the commodity business relationship with the coordinate effectively the formation of the ancient city of adaptive development of institutional mechanisms to protect towns and villages .
City is the quasi-public goods, public goods, some even that is so independent party development alone is not possible. Only government-led, sector support, market players, business operations, community involvement, in order to eventually reach a mechanism for coordination of interests, there is heritage, but also must be innovative, so the city can bring investment, development, construction, operation and management to achieve bit . Although easier said than done, admittedly, not the protection and use of paradox, even in the ancient city, is also bound to protect its essence based on the glow of new life.
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Located in the ancient city of Lijiang in northwest Yunnan Province Song was founded in the early Yuan Dynasty, 800 years of history so far, demonstrating the Han, Naxi, Tibetan, Bai and other ethnic harmony of the vivid landscapes and diverse cultural patterns. In December 1997, Lijiang was included in the "World Heritage List," World Heritage in China to fill the historical and cultural city of no gaps.
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